The Italian Government sent the request for a parliamentary opinion on the multi-year programme aimed at acquiring an optical satellite system capable of replacing the OPTSAT 3000, an electro-optical satellite currently in use. This system will be composed of 2 satellites with very high resolution optical payload and with superior performance to the set-up currently in operation. As specified by the Defense, the objective of the program is to ensure the continuity of the optical Earth Observation capability of the Defense sector (monitoring of crisis areas, tactical/ operational/strategic surveillance, support for the planning and execution of the multi-year defense policy document. The programs presented Operational purpose (operations, acquisition of geo-spatial data) within the new domain, the space one, of great interest as it is able to increase the effectiveness of the military instrument and at the same time, to give support, with autonomous assessments, to the political summit.
In this regard, it should be noted that satellite assets dedicated to earth observation ensure the monitoring of crisis areas, tactical, operational and strategic surveillance, support for the planning and execution of operations, the acquisition of geo-spatial data. Specifically, Satellite Remote Sensing for Earth Observation represents a capacity of primary interest as it contributes to the Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) function, supporting the decision-making process at every level. In line with the Integrated Operating Model of Reference, the Defense has satellites for Earth observation both radar and electrooptic. As far as the latter type is concerned, the current available capabilities derive from the use of a structure under the exclusive control of the Defense, the OPTSAT 3000 electro-optical satellite.
With regard to technical requirements, the architecture of the third generation optical satellite system is designed by adopting a solution that involves the use of two satellite platforms with very high resolution optical payload and with performances higher than those of OPTSAT 3000. The main technical specifications include, therefore, the following details: Panchromatic electro-optical payload (PAN) and infrared (IR); Optional Multispectral (MS) payload and electromagnetic spectrum monitoring; Reduced revisit time; Inter-Satellite Link; full interoperability with the ground segment of existing systems.
The Defense also points out that the logistical support must be integrated (Integrated Logistic Support – ILS), and specific basic training courses must be established with the simultaneous revision of the training programs in place to adapt them to the new capabilities and employment profiles. They will cover the training and training of all the components of the ground segment in various capacities interested in the program, in the phase-in and operational life phases. In particular, courses will be provided for the personnel of the Defense Centers (SICRAL Joint Management and Control Center, Joint Satellite Remote Sensing Center, Joint Intelligence Center).
Given the growing demand for satellite images and related services, the program may also have an international connotation and it is foreseeable that it can create interesting export prospects not only for the benefit of the national industry, but also of the Defense itself which, through the system, will be able to establish cooperation programs with the Defense sector of other countries. As regards duration, the programme is designed according to a multiannual development plan planned to start in 2023 and a total duration of seven years (2023-2029). The total cost is estimated at 590 M€ (economic conditions 2022), divided as follows: 500 M€ for the acquisition of satellites; 90 M€ for launches. The expenditure relating to the first phase for a total amount of € 264 million, is financed from the appropriations deriving from the chapters of the investment sector of the Ordinary Budget of the Ministry of Defense within the resources available under current legislation. This phase, implemented independently and independently from the others with a view to giving it certain self-consistency, will guarantee the definition and validation of the executive project. The completion of the program, for the remaining total forecast value of € 326.00 million, will be achieved through subsequent measures aimed at the development, implementation and putting into orbit of 2 satellite platforms with very high resolution optical payload. These interventions, in compliance with an incremental and progressive logic, as well as the expected criterion of self-consistency, may be contracted subject to their possible refinancing.